Result 1: The headache is not cured because the effects of aspirin and ibuprofen don’t combine. You need only one of them, but at its full dose, to cure the headache.
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| July
20,
2008 Volume 2, Issue 1 online at http://www.topical-formulations.com/ |
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Feature
Article: Dynamic Synergy as an Approach to Combining
Cosmeceuticals If Lotion A is beneficial, and Cream B is also beneficial, can twice as much good be achieved by applying both products? Should they be applied one immediately after the other, and if so which one should be applied first? Should they be applied on alternating days, or one in the morning and one in the evening? Should they be dumped into a single container, mixed vigorously, and applied as a single product with the benefits of both? Combined, could they cancel each other out and provide fewer benefits than when used together? Is there any rational way to decide? This essay explores some of the options and possibilities. What is synergy? Synergy is one of the most fascinating phenomena in nature. To put it simply, it means that some ingredients or products combine in a way which is more then their arithmetic sum. EXAMPLE: If either one aspirin or one ibuprofen can fully cure one headache, then if you take one half of an aspirin plus one half of an ibuprofen and combine them, you may get three possible results:
If Result 3 occurs, we are looking at a case of synergy between two medicines, in this case, aspirin and ibuprofen. Please note, the preceding is just an example to illustrate different possibilities of drug combination; do not attempt to combine drugs on your own and do not use aspirin and ibuprofen together unless so advised by your physician. What are the benefits of synergy? First and most of all, when you can use less drug and achieve the same therapeutic effect, you reduce the potential for negative side-effects of that drug. When you use two drugs with a similar therapeutic effect but with different negative side effects, a combination of such drugs may render the negative side effects of each drug below the damage threshold, while together providing a therapeutic dose via the combined drugs. To achieve this goal, the drugs must combine with each other as described for Result 2 or Result 3 above. In addition, the drugs’ negative side-effects should not be combinable; ideally, only the therapeutic effect should combine. When a drug combination corresponds to Result 3 above, it is a synergistic combination. In a synergistic combination of drugs, the amounts of drugs which are used are the smallest and so are the side effects. Synergy applies when there is more than one mechanism of curing a problem and when two or more different mechanisms for curing the problem are aligned and connected with each other. EXAMPLE: In the case of high blood pressure which is caused by thickening of the blood vessels, the problem can be addressed in several ways.
Each of the three treatments suggested under Option 2 above will help the problem by different, but connected, mechanisms. When the blood flow is restricted (slow) the heart rate and contraction force change to compensate for the poor blood flow. However, because the problem is related to narrowing and rigid blood vessels, the heart creates more pressure but the blood flow is not much improved, thus creating high blood pressure. By using a medicine for increasing the blood capacity (increasing the radius) of the blood vessels, the blood will flow better and the heart rate will relax a bit and the contraction force will compensate for the blood flow to some extent. However, since the improvement of blood flow is not enough, the blood pressure will still be high because the heart rate and contraction force will still be abnormal. If the heart rate and contraction force are regulated by a medicine, blood pressure will decrease but the blood flow may still remain slow, which may lead to insufficient blood supply to the coronary heart vessels and severe heart problems. By combining medicines for increasing blood vessels’ volume capacity (vasodilators) and medicines which reduce the heart rate and compensate for the contraction force, the high blood pressure problem is better contained without risk of coming too close to reducing heart rate and modification of contraction force to the point which may cause insufficient heart activity. This is another example of synergistic treatment. Before we can further explore the complexity of synergistic skincare combinations over a timeline, we would like to introduce several terms and concepts which are essential for such exploration. What is negative synergy? Side effects are not only related to drug administration. Normal biochemical activities which provide and maintain life in bio-systems also have "side effects". When such side effects combine synergistically they grow in power with each cycle and create a negative cascade-like drive toward degradation of the order within the bio-system; I identify this phenomenon as "negative synergy". The aging process is a good example of negative synergy, and will be the topic of our feature article in the next issue of the Journal of Topical Formulations. What is dynamic synergy? I coined the term "dynamic synergy" to describe a form of synergism which can be fitted and applied along a time vector to a dynamic process such as bio-feedback. Properly applied, dynamic synergism can restore tuning, balance, and mean values within a bio-feedback system's fluctuating elements. Example: When a material stimulates or suppresses a certain receptor, the receptor remains stimulated or suppressed until the stimulator/suppressor is removed or until the receptor is no longer able to respond to the stimulant/suppressor (treatment fatigue). When a receptor is stimulated or suppressed, a certain goal is intended to be achieved: a certain metabolic cascade is expected to be activated or suppressed. The problem (which I frequently explain to people who wish to combine the “perfect” set of ingredients that don’t have any bad side effects) is that in a natural metabolic state ("steady-state") nothing is actually steady and so, no specific and constant treatment is flawless over time. There are always natural changes of various degrees in direction and intensity of metabolic pathways, from small fluctuation in intensity to large changes, and even the reversal of metabolic directions (this is how bio-rhythm is working). So, in nature, probebly few things are always-activated or always-suppressed. There are naturally fluctuations and changes and different intensities and directions. A receptor in nature may be sometimes activated and sometimes suppressed and everything in between. In a conventional treatment, you can keep a receptor under high activation or suppression status for several weeks or months. This is why “dose loaders” always “show signs” of activity and success in so-called “clinical trials” but when tested in reality (in a real complex bio-system such as a human) they never stand up to the job as they were expected to do. What is bio-feedback? In a bio-system, when two or more things are related it means that each depends on the other's existence for its own existence. Feedback means that they are related in such a way that there is no cause-and-effect connection between them but rather a circular process where a “point of beginning” is superficially assigned for the purpose of clarity but in essence, it is not a beginning point. Example: On a clockface, the number 2 appears to be “before” the number 3. However, if one counts clockwise forward from the number 3, the number 3 can be considered to be a full cycle “before” the number 2. There is no point on the clock which is before or after another point. We label different points in the cycle with different numbers to make it useful for certain activities such as measuring the passage of time. In biosystems, the situation is very similar. As shown in Figure 2 below, materials A and B can be converted into each other. A can be converted into B and B can be converted to A. This is a biological cycle or loop. Neither A nor B is the first or second in line, which also means that neither A nor B is the starting material, nor is either one the finished material; in fact, there are no starting or finished materials. A and B are in a bio-feedback relationship where the concentration of A will affect the concentration of B and vice-versa.
Biological cycles can be complex, containing a large number of materials. Figure 3 below shows a cycle with four materials which can convert to each other, not randomly (B can never directly become D) but sequentially (B can become A which can become D).
Cycles have “entry” points and “exit” points for different chemical intermediates, or for materials within the cycle itself, which can also regulate the relative content of the different materials in the cycle and practically assign a clockwise or a counter-clockwise or split direction to the cycle. This is shown in Figure 4 below.
If we examine only the circle shown in Figure 4 above and ignore
momentarily the other connections and routes which can influence
the circle, we can see that it includes six materials, labeled A-F,
which can convert into each other. Using the table below to track
concentrations of the same six materials, we can see that the numbers
change from Day 1 to Day 2, but the change is not unidirectional:
some numbers increase and some numbers decrease.
If we keep measuring for several more days we will see that the numbers fluctuate within a certain range. Sometimes they go higher and sometimes they go lower; in response to a stimulus, they may deviate greatly from their usual range and then move back within the range soon after the stimulus is removed. Within the range, all values (high and low) are "normal"; fluctuation is the normal status for materials concentrations. When fixed values are assigned to different materials, those are labels for purposes of convenience only, for describing movement just as the numbers on a clockface are for describing the passage of time, and don’t reflect the actual dynamic state of a bio-system. We can also see that during a metabolic disorder Material A is significantly decreased. How should this change be addressed? Traditional treatments suggest providing a stimulus to increase A. Following such a treatment B, C, D, E, or F may also respond by going awry, fluctuating outside their own range of normal concentrations because they are in the same cycle and mutually affected by each other and by A. When this happens, we must now find a treatment that will increase A but not affect B, C, D, E, or F. However, expecting to change one element of the cycle without altering the others is not realistic in most cases involving a complex bio-system. Even if we seem to find a treatment which does not obviously affect anything other than A, it is most unlikely that we actually found such a treatment. It is more likely that we don’t see significant changes because we may not be aware yet of the way or the rate or the route in which materials are changed, or we are not looking at or detecting materials and concentrations which have changed because we don’t yet know about those materials and where to look for them. Living systems change and interact in ways we are not always able to detect, which is why much of the advancement of science has depended upon improvements in tools for observation and measurement. So, is pushing material concentration in the opposite direction of its abnormal increase or decline the right response to a disorder? I believe that this can be a necessary approach for acute emergency situations, when a life can be saved by urgently increasing or decreasing the concentration of a material or metabolite (for example, low sodium or potassium in the blood which can cause heart failure). However, it is not appropriate for long-term treatment of mild, chronic situations, particularly when there is no emergency or life-threatening issues involved. When the concentration of Material A is abnormally swept down to the level of about 50, it is not only that A is lower, but at the same time A's ability to fluctuate in response to fluctuations of its neighboring materials B, C, D, and E is also impaired. The better solution may be not so much to directly restore the levels of A (at least, not to restore A as a primary and permanent goal) but to restore the fluctuatiion and feedback abilities of A, supporting its normal relationship with the other materials in the system. This means that restoring A's ability to go up and down and to be responsive to its neighbors, (which, with time, will also restore its original average concentration) may be more useful than simply and directly boosting its current concentration. In addition, continuous supplementation of higher concentrations of A may not restore its average concentration over time and may actually cause more damage to the sensitive fluctuations and feedback between the different materials. The better treatment is what I call “chemical exercise” which alternates between “chemical push-ups” and “chemical pull-ups”, so that A can go up and then come down and also respond to the other materials. This exercise may eventually enable A to be restored and normalized to fluctuate within its original range of concentrations. How can this be done? By a dynamic regimen which stimulates and de-stimulates different materials in the circle in a certain frequency, as demonstrated by the Elsom Research Scalp Renewal Regimen. What is chemical exercise therapy? Our Scalp Renewal Regimen operates as a “chemical exercise machine” in which different ingredient gradients are introduced, removed, and reintroduced in various combinations over time. This allows the natural system to respond, adjust, counteract, compensate, and assimilate. In doing so, the scalp is exercised by ingredients gradients instead of being subjected to constant chemical assault. Within the scalp's bio-cycle, the regimen pushes and pulls and stretches and shrinks, causing materials to interact with the chemical profile of their surroundings to maximize the benefits for the scalp. The regimen includes multiple products which are alternated on a non-constant basis. The different ingredients in each product are built to accommodate individual circles and as a whole to accommodate the entire coil or spiral. What if the ingredients in our products were formulated in medicines and could reach their appropriate targets in the scalp? Could they restore and synchronize the cascading fluctuations of the materials in the cycles and coils? Could they restore the chemical profile in dysfunctional scalp to mimic that of normal healthy adults? The answers are out there. How do bio-cycles become bio-spirals? The picture becomes more complicated when, as in any living creature, there is more than one bio-cycle involved. As the circles continue to fluctuate with time, they join into a coil or spiral shape which becomes elongated as more and more circles keep accumulating with time. The flow of material is normally regulated as fluctuations in material concentrations between cycles, or more rarely as a shift in the direction of a cycle. Fluctuations in materials and their varying concentrations over time can be described as a multi-cycle configuration or a coil instead of a an individual circle; this is illustrated in Figure 5 below.
In addition, many different coils are likely to be interacting with and affecting each other. This is a complex, multi-variate system, difficult to study and describe, and even more difficult to control or predict. This is why people are more attracted to the “promises” of “mechanistic” approaches which pretend to offer an elegant, pinpoint solution to a problem within a complex cascade of cycles and circles and coils for which no one has yet figured out how a change in concentration of one chemical will affect everything else. There are many and complex potential conversion relations between different materials within a bio-system, as well as possible side-tracks and alternative metabolic routes which I will not discuss in this article. However, I would like to mention that the points of regulation of material flow in bio-cycles can be different things, including the concentrations of the metabolites which themselves comprise the cycle, or enzymes which can help the synthesis or breakdown of the metabolites, or co-factors which can regulate enzymes, or hormones which can regulate short-range and long-range cycles and coils, and others. Any tampering with cycles’ fluctuations may result in unpredictable outcome. In addition, if a regulating point is forced to remain at full activation or full deactivation for a prolonged period, the capacity for self-adjustment and fine tuning which is achieved by the ability to fluctuate can be lost and the results may be disappointing. As mentioned above, there are cases in which emergency intervention at the metabolic level, such as when insulin- manufacturing cells have not only been diminished but completely destroyed, and other acute, life-threatening problems. For many long-term problems or deficiencies which are mostly connected with reduced metabolic balance rather and do not entail risk to continued life, the treatment should be to restore balance rather than to directly push some single parameter up or down. How can combining multiple topicals into a bio-rhythmic dynamic synergy regimen offer more benefits than using the same topicals individually? At Elsom Research, we design our individual cosmeceuticals to be very powerful. Many of them are built with internal chemical synergy, so the ingredients support each other in addition to accomplishing their independent tasks. Also, we have long recommended our products to be used as pairs or triplets or quadruplets. For example, using our scalp serums NanoScalp® and JuveLine™ on alternating days allows each to have maximum contact with the scalp without interfering with the other. By designing a 24-week regimen, we introduce a new concept of synergy which can be achieved as a long-term goal, where increasing or decreasing a metabolic function is not the main goal but rather a secondary potential outcome. The main goal is to resume normal material fluctuations along with the time-sensitive changes in the coils-continuum network. This is a higher level of support for the bio-system than is possible by addressing changes in time within a given cycle, as is already achieved by using our cosmeceuticals as individuals or sets. How is dynamic synergy implemented in Elsom Research topical formulations? There are some topical skincare treatments which have positive effects and benefits but they all have one problem: they are not dynamic, meaning that they are not designed to correlate with natural shifts of the bio-rhythm. Over the course of many years at Elsom Research, we have introduced many topicals with internal synergism which work at the top performance level of any topicals available and though they have different and sometimes seemingly-contradictory directions they were all beneficial. We can now say that we have been building up a new treatment concept for many years, and have found a way to ensure that a combination of different topicals, each with different benefits, can be dynamically combined and disconnected during a six-month period to give the best of results and to be as biologically friendly and as bio-rhythm sensitive as possible, and to work in a way which will not cause the treatment fatigue which is common to high-dose, uni-directional treatments. We believe that the same products which did so much good individually or in simpler combinations will deliver an extra high level of quality and quantity effects when combined in dynamic synergy. In implementing dynamic synergy, we temporarily separate between our cosmeceuticals as well as temporarily combine them in our regimen. The temporary separation is as important as the later combination. Separating products is part of the treatment as much as combining them. Biological cycles are rarely addressed in conventional treatments, most of which are designed as if every day in the human body were identical to every other day; in medicine, contraceptive hormone treatments , designed to interfere with bio-rhythms, are an exception to this. The Elsom Research dynamic synergy scalpcare regimen is designed in short-term repetitive cycles and long-term non-repetitive spirals. When a biological cascade is awakened it will not normally go back to sleep immediately after the treatment stops. The awakening effect will last for a while; you can then go and wake up other bio-cascades and get back to the first one after a while. This will create a large spectrum of activation and re-balancing between all these awakened cascades and they will respond more naturally to each other and to treatments. Since such a concept is many years away from implementation in medicine (Medicine must be regulated, and how can a non-linear process even be regulated to start with?), the only area open to such applications is via skincare and scalpcare topicals where the problems they address are not diseases and their effects are not medicinal. To see a complex demonstration of dynamic synergy, combining a variety of treatments over an extended period, examine the six-month dynamic synergy scalpcare regimen defined for eight Elsom Research scalpcare cosmeceuticals. That regimen lays out a pattern for use of the eight topicals as illustrated here
Similar dynamic synergy regimens are planned for Elsom Research skincare cosmeceuticals in the near future
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Feature Article: Dynamic Synergy as an Approach to Combining Cosmeceuticals
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